Assembly/AU/11 (XIII) Annex II Page 8   16. Among the AU Member States which provide for the exercise of universal jurisdiction over genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes are the Democratic Republic of the Congo,13 the Republic of Congo,14 Ethiopia,15 Ghana,16 Niger,17 Rwanda,18 Senegal19 and South Africa.20 Mali establishes universal jurisdiction over genocide, crimes against humanity and terrorism.21 Certain AU Member States grant universal jurisdiction over grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions 1949. These include Botswana,22 Kenya,23 Lesotho,24 Malawi,25 Mauritius,26 Namibia,27 Nigeria,28 Seychelles,29 Sierra Leone,30 Swaziland,31 Tanzania,32 Uganda33 and Zimbabwe.34 As required in the commonlaw tradition, these states have legislation incorporating the grave breaches provisions of the Conventions into national law. In some cases, this law remains the relevant colonial-era legislation;35 in others, the colonial legislation was reenacted. Certain African states of the civil-law tradition have ratified the Geneva Conventions, and accept universal jurisdiction on this basis. Among these states are Algeria, Angola, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Gabon, Libya, the Republic of Congo and Tunisia. As for the                                                              13 Penal Code, Book 1, Section VI, article 3-6. Law N° 8-98 of 31 October 1998. 15 Penal Code, articles 17 and 18. 16 Courts Act 1993, article 56(4). 17 Law No 2003-025 of 13 June 2003, article 208.8. 18 Organic Law No 08/96 of 30 August 1996 on the Organization of Prosecutions for Offences constituting the Crime of Genocide or Crimes against Humanity committed since 1 October 1990. Note that, in its report of 15 November 2007, Rwanda’s Commission nationale indépendante chargée de Rassembler les Preuves montrant l’Implication de l’Etat français dans le Génocide Perpetré au Rwanda en 1994 made the following recommendation, among others: ‘La Commission demande au Gouvernement rwandais de soutenir toute action individuelle ou collective de victimes qui souhaiteraient porter plainte devant les tribunaux pour le préjudice causé par les actions de l’Etat français et/ou ses agents au Rwanda.’ It is unclear whether the support envisaged included the institution of criminal proceedings on the basis of universal jurisdiction. 19 Code of Criminal Procedure, article 669. 20 Implementation of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court Act 2002, section 4. 21 Law No 01-079 of 20 August 2001, articles 29 to 31 (crimes against humanity and genocide) and Law No 08-025 of 23 July 2008, articles 2 to 8 (terrorism). 22 Geneva Conventions Act 1970, section 3(1). 23 Geneva Conventions Act 1968, section 3(1). 24 See below, note 34. 25 Geneva Convention Acts 1967, section 4(1). 26  Geneva Conventions Act 1996, section 3(1).  14 27 Geneva Conventions Act 2003, section 2(1) to (3). Geneva Conventions Act 1960, section 3(1). 29 Geneva Convention Act 1985, section 3(1). 30 See below, note 34. A Sierra Leone ordinance of 1 September 1959 modified the Geneva Conventions Act (Colonial Territories Act) Order 1959 (UK). 31 See below, note 34. 32 See below, note 34. 33 Geneva Conventions Act 1964, section 1(1). 34 Geneva Conventions Act 1981, section 3(1). 35 See Geneva Conventions Act 1957 (UK) and Geneva Conventions Act (Colonial Territories Act) Order 1959 (UK). 28 Version 31 March 09(FINAL)