MIN/Sp/AU/CAMH3/6 TB Page 3 already halted and started to reverse overall and smear positive TB incidence as specified in the core MDG targets (without applying the reference to 1990 rates as specified by the Stop TB Partnership in quantifying the MDG targets). A further 6 countries, namely, Angola, Benin, Cape Verde, Eritrea, Guinea Bissau and Niger had already halted and started to reverse estimated TB prevalence, while four countries, namely, Angola, Comoros, Sao Tome & Principe and Seychelles had already halted and started to reverse death rates. Status of case detection and treatment success rates Case detection rate: While increasing overtime during the past five years, at 46%, new smear positive case detection rate for the African Region is significantly below the 70% target set by the WHA, MDGs and the Special Summit. The region is only achieving 65% of the target. Mediterranean countries of North Africa are also performing better. However, according to the 2008 WHO TB Report, 12 countries 10 had met the 70% case detection target, and 8 countries 11 had achieved the 85% treatment-success target. Only 3 countries (Algeria, Benin and Tunisia) had met both targets. Treatment Success Rates Treatment success rate has been increasing progressively since 1999. Nevertheless, at 76%, it still falls short of the 85% target. The region’s performance is only 89% of the set target. Based on treatment outcomes for patients enrolled in 2005, only eight countries from the Region 12 had reached the target. This compares to two countries for 2001 patient cohort, three countries for 2002 cohort, four countries for 2003 cohort and eight countries for 2004 cohort. A further four countries 13 were making good progress and had attained treatment success rates of 80% and above. In the EMRO African countries, success rates are generally above 76% except where records were not available. Drug Resistant TB Drug resistant TB, especially multi-drug resistant TB, is widely prevalent than previously known. Twenty-six countries from the region reported a total of 8,624 multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) cases during 2007 while four countries (Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique and South Africa (99.1% of the 10 Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Cameroon, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Namibia, and South Africa 11 Algeria, Benin, Comoros, DR Congo, Eritrea, Gambia, Mauritius and Sierra Leone 12 Algeria, Benin, Democratic Republic of Congo, Eritrea, Gambia, Mauritius and Sierra Leone 13 Kenya, Rwanda, United Republic of Tanzania and Zambia