MIN/Sp/AU/CAMH3/6 HIV/AIDS Page 18 Figure 4.6: % countries with selected M&E/HIV surveillance activities, WHO African Region, 2007 Special Population surveillance HIVDR plan M&E plan Implement ANC surveillance 31 37 60 83 In this era of ART and PMTCT scale up, the development of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) is inevitable. In collaboration with partners, WHO has developed a global HIV drug resistance network—known as ResNet—for monitoring the magnitude of HIVDR. As of 2007, 13 countries in the region have developed national HIVDR plans. Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) is an area that received less attention and investment in the past. Since member states have committed themselves to several global resolutions and declarations that require proper planning, establishment of effective M&E systems is inevitable. Many countries are beginning to understand the importance of M&E for program planning and tracking of the level of implementation of key interventions. About 60% of countries reported having M&E plans—in order to track the health sector response toward Universal Access for HIV prevention, care, and treatment. Sudan is in the process of improving surveillance and M & E by developing a National Monitoring and Evaluation Framework with standardized HIV core indicators. Somalia on the other hand is boosting up M & E efficacy in the response within the context of the Global Fund sub-recipients and building up Regional Partnerships in order to address HIV vulnerability and cross-border mobility in the Horn of Africa. 4. CONCLUSION Since 2006, Member States took giant steps toward the Universal Access for HIV prevention, care, and treatment. Among documented achievements include: increased access to ART, PMTCT and HTC. In addition, national, bilateral, multilateral commitments have increased and therefore were contributing factors of the 2007 achievements. Despite these achievements, the coverage of priority intervention—HTC, PMTCT, and ART—is still low. The number of new infections is still high and in some countries increasing. Therefore, the fight against HIV/AIDS is far from over.