MIN/Sp/AU/CAMH3/6 HIV/AIDS Page 9 Such leadership qualities are likely to foster a favorable environment for the expansion of services all the way to Universal Access. 3.3 SCALING UP PRIORITY SERVICES WHO provides guidance to countries to develop comprehensive packages which are tailored to local needs, including on how the different interventions can be integrated into various service delivery models. The package consists of an array of services that are usually facility based—and sometimes community-based— from HTC to treatment of opportunistic infections to infection control. However, this report covers the three main interventions, which are: HIV testing and counseling, Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT), and antiretroviral therapy (ART. 3.3.1 HIV TESTING AND COUNSELING (HTC) Scaling up access to HIV testing and counseling is the gateway to prevention, care, and treatment services. For HIV-infected individuals, HIV testing is the first step towards early care and treatment services. On the other hand, for those who are not infected with HIV, it provides an opportunity to have appropriate tools and information to reduce the risk of HIV transmission. HIV Figure 3.4: % of facilities providing HTC, country report, 2007 testing and counseling is therefore very critical to the achievement of universal access to HIV Botswana prevention, care and Sao Tome Lesotho treatment. Countries are implementing various models of HTC, from the traditional voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) to the new concept of provider initiated HIV testing and counseling. In 2007, WHO and UNAIDS issued new guidance on HIV testing and counseling in health facilities to increase uptake of HIV testing and counseling and improve Malawi Namibia Rwanda Swaziland Zimbabwe Cameroon Benin Burkina Faso Burundi Eritrea GuineaGambia Mozambique Congo Comoros Madagascar Tanzania Uganda Sierra Leone Ghana Angola Gabon Côte d’Ivoire Ethiopia Mali Niger Togo Mauritania CAR DRC Nigeria Liberia 0.0% 20.0% 40.0% 60.0% 80.0% 100.0% 120.0%